Browsing by Author "Santos, V"
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- Decrease in Stigma Towards Mental Illness in Portuguese Medical Students After a Psychiatry CoursePublication . Vilar Queirós, R; Santos, V; Madeira, NIntroduction: Stigma towards mental illness is considered a key obstacle to the provision of medical care to psychiatric patients. This is not only present in the general population but also among healthcare professionals. Therefore, medical students could be a target population for stigma prevention measures. The aim of this study is to assess the evolution of the attitudes of medical students from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra towards psychiatric patients, before and after attending Psychology and Psychiatric courses. Material and Methods: Students from the third and fourth years of the integrated Master’s degree in Medicine in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra were asked to complete four questionnaires. The surveys were distributed before and after the attendance of the courses. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease of the stigma scores (p = 0.025) between the two measurements (38.16 initially, 36.72 on the second moment). The baseline level of stigma was found to be negatively associated with empathy (rP = -0.477) and with the type of personality, with higher levels of openness to new experiences being associated with lower levels of initial stigma (rP= -0.357). Discussion: Overall, the students’ attitudes towards patients with mental illness were positive, with a decrease of the stigma value from the first to the second semester. This corroborates the hypothesis that education and contact with people with a mental condition could shape positive changes in attitudes and discrimination against those patients. Conclusion: Our results emphasise the importance of implementing programs inside medical schools in order to reduce stigma among future doctors.
- Interface entre Demência Frontotemporal e Perturbação Bipolar: a propósito de um caso clínicoPublication . Oliveira, P; Roque, C; Santos, V; Madeira, NA variante comportamental da demência frontotemporal (DFTvc) apresenta-se frequentemente com sintomas psiquiátricos, entre os quais alterações comportamentais e da personalidade. Antes do estabelecimento dos défices cognitivos, a diferenciação entre a DFTvc e outras perturbações psiquiátricas pode ser desafiante. Este artigo apresenta um caso de um episódio maníaco com sintomas psicóticos num doente de 61 anos cujas alterações da personalidade e as dificuldades na realização das tarefas diárias não só se mantiveram, como se agravaram após o tratamento da sintomatologia maniforme e psicótica. Após estudo posterior com avaliação neuropsicológica formal, tomografia computorizada crânio-encefálica (TC-CE) e SPECT cerebral, estabeleceu-se o diagnóstico provável de DFTvc. O presente caso atenta para a possível progressão de formas atípicas e tardias de Perturbação Bipolar (PB) para Demências Frontotemporais. Têm sido propostas várias ligações entre DFT e PB, entre as quais se destacam o envolvimento do gene C9ORF72 em alguns doentes com PB que posteriormente evoluem para demência.
- Interface entre Demência Frontotemporal e Perturbação Bipolar: a propósito de um caso clínico.Publication . Oliveira, P; Roque, C; Santos, V; Madeira, NA variante comportamental da demência frontotemporal (DFTvc) apresenta-se frequentemente com sintomas psiquiátricos, entre os quais alterações comportamentais e da personalidade. Antes do estabelecimento dos défices cognitivos, a diferenciação entre a DFTvc e outras perturbações psiquiátricas pode ser desafiante. Este artigo apresenta um caso de um episódio maníaco com sintomas psicóticos num doente de 61 anos cujas alterações da personalidade e as dificuldades na realização das tarefas diárias não só se mantiveram, como se agravaram após o tratamento da sintomatologia maniforme e psicótica. Após estudo posterior com avaliação neuropsicológica formal, tomografia computorizada crânio-encefálica (TC-CE) e SPECT cerebral, estabeleceu-se o diagnóstico provável de DFTvc. O presente caso atenta para a possível progressão de formas atípicas e tardias de Perturbação Bipolar (PB) para Demências Frontotemporais. Têm sido propostas várias ligações entre DFT e PB, entre as quais se destacam o envolvimento do gene C9ORF72 em alguns doentes com PB que posteriormente evoluem para demência.
- Internamentos Compulsivos: revisão da casuística dos HUC e HIP no triénio 2006-2008.Publication . Madeira, N; Santos, T; Cabral, A; Santos, Vão obstante terem passado mais de 10 anos sobre a publicação da Lei de Saúde Mental, o intenso debate e reflexão ocorridos não foram acompanhados por publicação, igualmente profusa, de investigação clínica sobre a epidemiologia dos internamentos compulsivos. Os autores procuraram caracterizar o arquétipo do doente submetido a internamento involuntário em Portugal, apreciando variáveis demográficas, clínicas e legais. Para esse fim, conduziu-se um estudo retrospectivo dos internamentos compulsivos ocorridos entre 2006 e 2008 em dois hospitais: os Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra (HUC) e o Hospital Infante D. Pedro – Aveiro (HIP). Uma amostra de 384 internamentos foi recolhida e caracterizada, apresentando-se resultados desta investigação e discussão dos dados obtidos.
- Internamentos Psiquiátricos no Adulto Jovem: Um Estudo Observacional em 2006-2016Publication . Oliveira, P; Ribeiro, J; Morais, S; Santos, V; Madeira, N
- Major Depressive Disorder: psychiatric nosology's 'black dog'Publication . Silva, T; Madeira, N; Santos, V; Leite, R
- Major Depressive Disorder: psychiatric nosology's 'black dog'Publication . Santos, T; Madeira, N; Santos, V; Leite, R
- Pathways from paranoid conviction to distress: exploring the mediator role of Fears of Compassion in a sample of people with psychosisPublication . Martins, MJ; Castilho, P; Carvalho, CB; Pereira, AT; Carvalho, D; Bajouco, M; Madeira, N; Santos, V; Macedo, A
- Risk Calculators in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic ReviewPublication . Silva Ribeiro, J; Pereira, D; Salagre, E; Coroa, M; Santos Oliveira, P; Santos, V; Madeira, N; Grande, I; Vieta, EIntroduction: Early recognition of bipolar disorder improves the prognosis and decreases the burden of the disease. However, there is a significant delay in diagnosis. Multiple risk factors for bipolar disorder have been identified and a population at high-risk for the disorder has been more precisely defined. These advances have allowed the development of risk calculators to predict individual risk of conversion to bipolar disorder. This review aims to identify the risk calculators for bipolar disorder and assess their clinical applicability. Methods: A systematic review of original studies on the development of risk calculators in bipolar disorder was performed. The studies' quality was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Form for Cohort Studies and according to recommendations of the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis Initiative. Results: Three studies met the inclusion criteria; one developed a risk calculator of conversion from major depressive episode to bipolar disorder; one of conversion to new-onset bipolar spectrum disorders in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder; and the last one of conversion in youths with bipolar disorder not-otherwise-specified. Conclusions: The calculators reviewed in this article present good discrimination power for bipolar disorder, although future replication and validation of the models is needed.
- The quest for biomarkers in schizophrenia: from neuroimaging to machine learning.Publication . Bajouco, M; Mota, D; Coroa, M; Caldeira, S; Santos, V; Madeira, NSchizophrenia is a severe mental disorder and one of the leading causes of disease burden worldwide. It represents a source of significant suffering and disability to the affected individuals, and is associated with substantial societal and economical costs. The diagnosis of schizophrenia still depends exclusively on the detection of symptoms that are also present in other mental disorders. This situation causes overlapping of the boundaries of the diagnostic categories and constitutes a source of diagnostic errors. Moreover, current treatment algorithms do not take into account the substantial interindividual variability in response to antipsychotic drugs. As a result, around one-third of patients are treatment-resistant to first line antipsychotic drugs. This deleterious consequence is associated with poor individual outcomes and elevated healthcare costs. Neuroimaging research in schizophrenia has shed some light in a vast array of structural and functional connectivity abnormalities and neurochemical (dopamine and glutamate) imbalances, which may constitute ‘organic surrogates’ of this disorder. However, the neuroimaging field, so far, has not been able to identify biomarkers that could facilitate early detection and allow individualised treatment management. This paper reviews neuroimaging studies from different modalities that may provide relevant biomarkers for schizophrenia. We discuss how the current application of novel Machine Learning methods to the analyses of imaging data is allowing the translation of such findings into potential biomarkers enabling the prediction of clinical outcomes at the individual level, towards the development of innovative and personalised treatment strategies.